Songs
The male has a loud, far-carrying song of 4–14 high-pitched ringing notes, sometimes likened to shouting “tweet-tweet-tweet-tweet.” Each note is slightly upslurred and the series of notes increases in volume at the end. He frequently sings from elevated perches especially early in the morning, singing about 5–6 songs per minute. When close to the nest, his song is often softer; and when he’s with a female he sings a longer song that starts off fast and slows down at the end.
Calls
The male and female give a sharp tisk or tschip call, often during aggressive interactions with other birds or nest predators. The female also calls when she leaves and returns to the nest. If a predator threatens the nest they make a high-pitched trill to distract the predator. When pairs interact they give a softer and thinner tsip.
