{"id":62406,"date":"2025-05-31T14:04:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-31T18:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/?p=62406"},"modified":"2026-06-03T09:05:53","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T13:05:53","slug":"americas-arctic-a-remote-patch-of-oil-rich-tundra-that-teems-with-migratory-birds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/americas-arctic-a-remote-patch-of-oil-rich-tundra-that-teems-with-migratory-birds\/","title":{"rendered":"America's Arctic: A Remote Patch of Oil-Rich Tundra That Teems with Migratory Birds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"620\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/banner-Yelllow-billed_Loon-Gerrit_Vyn-smaller-1280x620.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white bird with a big pale yellow bill and red eye, sits in the grass next to a lake.\" class=\"wp-image-62413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/banner-Yelllow-billed_Loon-Gerrit_Vyn-smaller-1280x620.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/banner-Yelllow-billed_Loon-Gerrit_Vyn-smaller-720x348.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/banner-Yelllow-billed_Loon-Gerrit_Vyn-smaller-768x372.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/banner-Yelllow-billed_Loon-Gerrit_Vyn-smaller-1536x743.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/banner-Yelllow-billed_Loon-Gerrit_Vyn-smaller-480x232.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/banner-Yelllow-billed_Loon-Gerrit_Vyn-smaller.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> <em>Yellow-billed Loon by Gerrit Vyn.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-sand-neutral-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Update: June 2026<strong>. <\/strong><\/strong>This spring the Trump Administration held the highest value oil lease sale in the 103-year history of the National Petroleum Reserve\u2013Alaska. Leases were sold to lands covering 1.3 million acres of the NPR-A, including parcels in and around Teshekpuk Lake that had previously been protected as designated Special Areas of significant ecological value. Stan Senner, Audubon\u2019s former vice president for bird conservation and former director of Audubon Alaska, says the Teshekpuk Lake area is the most important wetland complex in the Circumpolar Arctic for birds. More about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/oil-lease-npr-a-ecologically-sensitive-special-areas\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"72638\">the spring 2026 oil lease sale in the NPR-A<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Update: May 2025.<\/strong> The Trump administration announced that it is reviewing the Special Areas&#8217; &#8220;maximum protections&#8221; finalized by the Biden administration in April 2024. The Bureau of Land Management signals its intention to rescind these protections from the impacts of oil and gas extraction, as part of a series of actions launched by an Executive Order to &#8220;unleash Alaska&#8217;s extraordinary resource potential.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Update: April 2024.<\/strong> The U.S. Department of the Interior under the Biden administration announced rules <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.gov\/pressreleases\/biden-harris-administration-takes-critical-action-protect-alaska-native-subsistence\">codifying protections&nbsp;for the existing 13.3 million acres of Special Areas<\/a> in the National Petroleum Reserve\u2013Alaska, limiting future oil and gas leasing and industrial development. Additionally, the Bureau of Land Management announced a process will soon start to consider expanding or adding additional Special Areas within the NPR\u2013A. The decision did not affect the Willow project, a major new oil development that the Biden administration approved in 2023, which lies just east of the areas protected in the 2024 announcement.&nbsp;<a href=\"#april-update\">More about the April 2024 protections<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Originally published March 31, 2024; updated April 22, 2024. From the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-spring-2024-table-of-contents\/\">Spring 2024 issue<\/a>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<em>Living Bird<\/em>&nbsp;magazine.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/join.birds.cornell.edu\/page\/14522\/donate\">Subscribe now<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group sidebar-alignright order-bottom\"><div class=\"article-list list-style\"><h2 class=\"article-list-header\">More From Living Bird<\/h2><ul><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-living-bird-toc\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-spring-2024-table-of-contents\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Banner-LB_Spring2024-King_Eiders-Gerrit_Vyn-FI-1280x960.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Banner-LB_Spring2024-King_Eiders-Gerrit_Vyn-FI-720x540.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Banner-LB_Spring2024-King_Eiders-Gerrit_Vyn-FI-1280x960.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Banner-LB_Spring2024-King_Eiders-Gerrit_Vyn-FI-240x180.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Banner-LB_Spring2024-King_Eiders-Gerrit_Vyn-FI-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Banner-LB_Spring2024-King_Eiders-Gerrit_Vyn-FI-480x360.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Banner-LB_Spring2024-King_Eiders-Gerrit_Vyn-FI.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" alt=\"Multicolored ducks in flight\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-spring-2024-table-of-contents\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Spring 2024\u2014Table Of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-living-bird-toc\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-summer-2026-table-of-contents\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest.png 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest-240x180.png 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest-480x360.png 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Living Bird-latest issue\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-summer-2026-table-of-contents\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Magazine\u2014Latest Issue<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-article\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-magazine-archives\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive.png 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive-240x180.png 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive-480x360.png 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Living Bird archives\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-magazine-archives\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Magazine Archives<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The largest single tract of wild pub\u00adlic land in America, a landscape so vast and diverse it defies superla\u00adtives, is known by a bland and somewhat misleading four-letter acronym: NPR-A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the NPR-A, or National Petro\u00adleum Reserve\u2013Alaska, does have oil beneath it, the 23-million-acre expanse is also arguably the most important wetland habitat complex in the Circumpolar Arctic for birds\u2014the breeding, nesting, molting, and premigratory staging grounds for several million birds every year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stan Senner, Audubon\u2019s former vice president for bird conservation and the former director of Audubon Alaska, says it is undeniably spectacular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe reserve has big numbers of birds coming from seven different continents to nest,\u201d says Senner. \u201cWaterbirds, which include ducks and geese, loons, all of the shorebirds, gulls, terns, jaegers, they\u2019re coming in the hundreds of thousands, and millions.\u2026 They\u2019re at densities and diversities that are not found anywhere else in the Alaskan Arc\u00adtic, and very high relative to the entire global Arctic.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"774\" data-id=\"62495\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Stelers-Eider-Vyn-1280x774.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white, block-patterned duck on the water.\" class=\"wp-image-62495\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Stelers-Eider-Vyn-1280x774.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Stelers-Eider-Vyn-720x436.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Stelers-Eider-Vyn-768x465.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Stelers-Eider-Vyn-480x290.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Stelers-Eider-Vyn.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The National Petroleum Reserve\u2013Alaska supports more waterbirds than any other place in the Arctic, including the only significant U.S. breeding population of Steller\u2019s Eiders.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"774\" data-id=\"62494\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Greater_White-fronted_Goose-Vyn-1280x774.jpg\" alt=\"A goose eating grass.\" class=\"wp-image-62494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Greater_White-fronted_Goose-Vyn-1280x774.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Greater_White-fronted_Goose-Vyn-720x436.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Greater_White-fronted_Goose-Vyn-768x465.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Greater_White-fronted_Goose-Vyn-480x290.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Greater_White-fronted_Goose-Vyn.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Greater White-fronted Geese are long-lived birds that maintain permanent bonds with their mates\u2014and with where they are born. Females generally nest within 500 yards of the site of their previous year\u2019s nest.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indeed the entire Alaska North Slope is abundant with wildlife\u2014and oil. Retired wildlife biologist and former Audubon Alaska senior scientist John Schoen has seen that dichotomy first\u00adhand. As a young man, Schoen worked as a bear biologist and pilot for the Alaska Department of Fish and Game in the 1970s, flying transects in a De Havil\u00adland Beaver floatplane with a big camera to survey the Porcupine Caribou Herd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI\u2019d been to Africa, and I\u2019d seen a mil\u00adlion wildebeests from the air,\u201d Schoen says, \u201cbut nothing, nothing like this.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/TundraPolygons-Vyn.jpg\" alt=\"Polygon shapes in the dirt.\" class=\"wp-image-62493\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/TundraPolygons-Vyn.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/TundraPolygons-Vyn-720x540.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/TundraPolygons-Vyn-240x180.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/TundraPolygons-Vyn-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/TundraPolygons-Vyn-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tundra polygons are a prominent feature of Alaska\u2019s Arctic coastal plain, formed over many years of freezing and thawing. The ridges between the wetland ponds provide prime nesting areas for dozens of species of waterbirds.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schoen was similarly amazed on the same trip by the size and scope of Prudhoe Bay, the largest active oilfield in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI couldn\u2019t believe how intensive the development was,\u201d he says. \u201cIt just went on and on, the spiderweb of roads and pipelines and infrastructure.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NPR-A was established in the western area of the North Slope by an executive order from President Warren G. Harding in 1923 to ensure energy reserves for the U.S. Navy as it transitioned from coal to oil. In 1976, Congress transferred man\u00adagement to the Department of the Inte\u00adrior, continuing subsurface oil and gas exploration, but also directing the Bureau of Land Management to provide \u201cmaxi\u00admum protection\u201d for surface areas with \u201csignificant subsistence, recreational, fish and wildlife, historical or scenic values.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U.S. Fish and Wildlife surveys in the reserve led to the establishment of \u201cSpe\u00adcial Areas\u201d\u2014a land management desig\u00adnation unique to Alaska that\u2019s placed on habitat of the most value for wildlife.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group well-gray is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Special Areas of the National Petroleum Reserve<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"725\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ArcticLands_final_JA_REV2-1800-1280x725.png\" alt=\"map of the North Slope of Alaska illustrating the boundaries of five protected &quot;Special Areas&quot; and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge\" class=\"wp-image-66007\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ArcticLands_final_JA_REV2-1800-1280x725.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ArcticLands_final_JA_REV2-1800-720x408.png 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ArcticLands_final_JA_REV2-1800-768x435.png 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ArcticLands_final_JA_REV2-1800-1536x870.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ArcticLands_final_JA_REV2-1800-480x272.png 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ArcticLands_final_JA_REV2-1800.png 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Map courtesy of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.protectthearctic.org\/\">Protect the Arctic<\/a>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Peard Bay Special Area<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At 107,000 acres, the Peard Bay coastline and wetland complex is vital for polar bears and three species of ice seals, and increasingly this place serves as a haul-out area for thousands of walrus to rest as late-summer sea ice continues to recede earlier and farther north. Peard Bay is characterized by thousands of small thermokarst or thaw lakes\u2014depressions formed by thawing perma\u00adfrost that provide important habitat for nesting loons, waterfowl, and shorebirds. It\u2019s a high-density nesting area for Yellow-billed, Pacific, and Red-throated Loons, as well as Spectacled and King Eiders, Sabine\u2019s Gulls, Long-tailed Ducks, and Red Phalaropes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teshekpuk Lake Special Area<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Teshekpuk (Inupiaq for \u201cgreat enclosed water\u201d) Lake and the sur\u00adrounding wetlands complex is one of the most important places in the entire Arctic for waterbirds. In summer around 100,000 geese arrive\u2014including Greater White-fronted, Snow, and Cackling Geese, as well as Brant\u2014seeking food and safety from predators as they molt and become flightless. The spongy wetlands are the breeding home of globally significant numbers of shorebirds such as Black-bellied Plover, Semipalmated Sandpiper, and Dunlin. All four of the world\u2019s eider species\u2014King, Common, Spectacled, and Steller\u2019s (the latter two protected under the federal Endangered Species Act)\u2014nest here, as well as Long-tailed Ducks, Northern Pintails, and Yellow-billed, Pacific, and Red-throated Loons. In March 2023, the Biden Administration approved the Willow oil drilling project, which would bring drill pads, roads, and pipelines to the eastern edge of the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kasegaluk Lagoon Special Area<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The shallow waters and barrier islands of the 97,000-acre Kasegaluk (Inupiaq for \u201cspotted seal place\u201d) Lagoon Special Area provide import\u00adant denning and feeding habitat for polar bears and a haul-out area for walrus. Pods of beluga whales molt by scraping away their outer layer of white skin against the rocks and mud below. It\u2019s considered a globally significant Important Bird Area by Audubon and BirdLife International, because it hosts the highest diver\u00adsity and abundance of birds of any lagoon system in the Alaskan Arctic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Utukok River Uplands Special Area<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 7-million-acre Utukok (Inupiaq for \u201cold\u201d) Uplands Special Area sweeps down from the Brooks Range toward the coast, providing calving grounds for the Western Arctic Caribou Herd, one of the two largest herds in Alaska. Forty Alaska Native villages depend on the herd for subsistence. Grizzly bears, wolves, and a dense population of wolverines roam the remote, rocky peaks of the uplands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Colville River Special Area<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 2.44-million-acre Colville River Special Area contains the largest riv\u00ader in Arctic Alaska and delineates the eastern boundary of the reserve. \u201cIt\u2019s the highest-density raptor-nesting area in the Circumpolar Arctic,\u201d says Melanie Smith of Audubon\u2019s Migra\u00adtory Bird Initiative. The cliffs along the river are home to Peregrine Falcons, Gyrfalcons, Rough-legged Hawks, and Golden Eagles. The Colville River Delta is also a glob\u00adally important area for Brant; some 40,000 Brant stage every year on the delta\u2019s mudflats after breeding.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the ensuing few decades, Alaska Fish and Game, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Audubon, the University of Alaska, and Indigenous communities of the North Slope laid the groundwork for the designation of five Special Areas. But Senner says the \u201cmaximum protection\u201d required by Congress was never really spelled out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThey were just lines on a map,\u201d he says. \u201cThere was really very, very little that was different about management of a Special Area than management of the rest of the reserve. That started to change with the Obama plan in 2013, and the BLM started to take Special Areas more seriously.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Early in his second term, President Obama\u2019s Interior Department issued a Record of Decision that reinforced the NPR-A\u2019s dual mandate\u2014to provide certainty for a supply of oil, but also to protect critical ecological resources. Today those dual objectives are increas\u00adingly at odds. For the past century this reserve has been a safe birthplace for millions of birds. But now, even as nations set ambitious targets to slow climate change caused by burning fossil fuels, the oil industry is preparing to drill its leases within the very heart of NPR-A before they expire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"AMERICA&#039;S ARCTIC - TESHEKPUK WETLANDS\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dCHlyd0nZJ0?feature=oembed&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;showinfo=0&#038;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Witness the beauty and abundance of the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area in this 18-minute short film from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology&#8217;s Center for Conservation Media.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-birdpress-transcript accordion\" data-accordion=\"true\" data-allow-all-closed=\"true\"><div class=\"accordion-item\" data-accordion-item=\"true\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"accordion-title\">Show Transcript<\/a><div class=\"accordion-content\" data-tab-content=\"true\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Text on screen] MAY 10<br>NARRATOR: In the remote coastal fringes of northern Alaska, a brief window is opening. Winter&#8217;s darkness is yielding to a sun that won\u2019t set for the next 3 months. As days lengthen, birds return, and life is given another chance. Eiders, traveling more than a thousand miles from wintering areas in the Pacific, are impatiently pushing north to breed. They follow the open water, the cracks in the sea ice. At the peak of their migration, hundreds of thousands can pass this point in a single day. Males are adorned in the bright colors of courtship, females in colors that will hide their nests. Their success will be measured by the number of young they can produce before this seasonal window closes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Eiders won\u2019t be alone\u2013dozens of other species and millions of individual birds are coursing northward from distant parts of the globe, making their annual return to the lands where they were born. Coming to usher in a new generation in one of the most important arctic wetlands in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Text on screen] AMERICA\u2019S ARCTIC. Teshekpuk Wetlands<br>[Text on screen] JUNE 1<br>After traveling great distances to Alaska\u2019s northernmost wetlands, the first order of business for most birds is finding a meal. Where there\u2019s water there\u2019s food, and open water attracts a crowd. The Teshekpuk wetlands provide something for everyone. Birds can find food here regardless of how they feed or what they prefer to eat. Greater White-fronted Geese work the exposed tundra to get at the nutritious roots of grasses and sedges. Stilt Sandpipers and Long-billed Dowitchers probe for invertebrates and pick last season&#8217;s seeds released from the thawing ice. And Pacific Loons pursue fish along the open edges of tundra ponds. The abundant food that birds find in these wetlands fuels the breeding season. For birds that arrived alone, that means it\u2019s time to find a mate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Text on screen] JUNE 10<br>Standing about 4 inches tall and weighing no more than six nickels, this male Semipalmated Sandpiper has flown from the northeast coast of South America to the very same territory he held last year. When you&#8217;re a small bird trying to stand out in a vast windswept landscape you need a strategy for attracting attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The male Semipalmated Sandpiper takes to the air. He\u2019ll spend nearly 4 hours a day in flight, fluttering above the tundra, vocalizing a constant stream of gurgles and trills that advertise his presence. If this sandpiper is lucky, his mate from last year will find him and they\u2019ll nest again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The male Buff-breasted Sandpiper is also small but he has a completely different approach for attracting attention. Everything about his appearance resembles his surroundings except one\u2026 Nothing stands out on this landscape like a brilliant flash of white. His relentless wing waving advertises his presence to passing females. He\u2019s flown all the way from Argentina to be here, to compete with other males that maintain territories immediately adjacent to his. If he\u2019s flashier than the others, maybe he\u2019ll get the first shot at finding a mate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When wing waving doesn\u2019t do the trick, he turns it up a notch. Maybe getting off the ground will get him noticed. His hard work appears to be paying off. A female has arrived on his territory. Turning his back to her he preens his feathers, enticing her to come closer. When she\u2019s close enough, the real show begins. The sound and appearance of his courtship display are meant to impress. She carefully inspects every detail until she\u2019s made her choice. Once they\u2019ve mated the relationship ends, and she departs to nest and raise their chicks alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Text on screen] JUNE 20<br>Shorebird nests are exquisite\u20134 eggs, perfectly arranged for incubation and heat retention. Camouflaged and tucked neatly into the vegetation, their appearance is what keeps them safe. From above the bird and nest are a perfect match for their surroundings. When still, shorebirds, like this Dunlin, virtually disappear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If shorebirds are the masters of camouflage, Tundra Swans are the opposite. This couple used the same nest last year, but it needs some updating. The added height will provide a good vantage point to watch for predators that prowl the landscape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Birds of the Arctic aren\u2019t just faithful to their nests; many are faithful to each other. These Tundra Swans are lifelong mates returning each year from the marshes of Chesapeake Bay to the very piece of tundra they have occupied for years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">King Eider pairs will often establish a nest in the female&#8217;s place of birth. While\u2019s she\u2019s producing eggs her mate will remain close by, guarding her so she can feed and rest undisturbed. And Long-tailed jaegers spend 10 months at sea before reuniting each year on the tundra to nest and raise their chicks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each species manages the breeding season differently, but the goal is always the same. In the case of this Yellow-billed Loon pair, the goal is to keep their 2 eggs safe and warm for the next 4 weeks. It\u2019s difficult to overstate the extent of wetlands on Alaska\u2019s Arctic Coastal Plain. Lakes, ponds, rivers, and wet meadows form a mosaic of tundra habitats that are irresistible to birdlife.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Map graphic showing Arctic Ocean and Brooks Range]<br>Located between the Brooks Range to the South and the Arctic Ocean to the North, the Arctic Coastal Plain stretches for hundreds of miles across Northern Alaska. Underlain with permafrost and sitting less than a hundred meters above sea-level, the region is more water than land. The expansive wetlands concentrated around Teshekpuk Lake are especially productive for birdlife, with some of the highest known densities of breeding shorebirds anywhere on earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Birds fan out across this landscape and nest here in astonishing numbers. The coastal plain provides vast tracts of undisturbed habitat and an abundance of food. Summer produces an explosion of insect life and plant growth and twenty-four hours of daylight provides the opportunity to feed around the clock. The abundant resources fuel a short but rapid reproductive season, drawing millions of birds from around the world year after year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Text on screen] JULY 06<br>Almost a month has passed, and patience is paying off at the lakeside nest of the Yellow-billed Loons. Being a good loon parent means providing a steady supply of fish that are just the right size for your finicky chick. Within days of hatching, loon chicks join their parents on the lake and begin a life spent almost entirely on or under the water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All across the tundra, the landscape is becoming a nursery for hungry baby birds. Shorebird chicks are on their own when it comes to food. Within hours of hatching, they begin to explore the tundra around their nest in search of their first meal. They won\u2019t stray too far at this point, and still rely on their parents for warmth and protection. Most have only 2 months before they\u2019ll need to be strong enough to make their migration south.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If one thing\u2019s for certain, it\u2019s that chicks born on Alaska\u2019s arctic coastal plain have a long way to go. Greater White-fronted Goose chicks will follow their parents to the coastal marshes of Texas and Louisiana. Brant will travel the Pacific Coast to Mexico. American Golden Plovers, Pectoral Sandpipers, and Buff-breasted Sandpipers will spend their winters in Argentina and Uruguay. Red Phalaropes and Long-tailed Jaegers winter far at sea off the coasts of Peru and Chile. Dunlin, Red-throated and Yellow-billed loons will return to the coasts of China, Japan, and Korea. And many other species will migrate to wintering areas across North America. But perhaps most remarkable are the Bar-tailed Godwits. Their chicks, just 2 months after hatching, will travel nearly the entire length of the Pacific Ocean on a nonstop 7,000-mile flight to New Zealand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While most of the US is enjoying the last warm days of summer, the window for birdlife is rapidly closing in the arctic. Red Phalaropes are gathering on the arctic coast, preparing for the next 9 months at sea. The last remaining family groups of geese are waiting for just the right winds to usher them south. And young Arctic Terns are about to embark on a journey that, over their lifetime, can take them the equivalent distance of traveling to the moon &#8211; and back.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet, as they cross the globe, always on the wing in search of food, they\u2019ll never fail to return each year to this place. The birds born here, like their parents before them, will be forever devoted to this land. No matter what corners of the globe they may occupy, or how far they may travel, it\u2019s these vast wetlands, their birthplace, that they\u2019ll always have in common. The place they\u2019ll return to year after year, retracing the very steps of their own birth, taking advantage of a brief window to usher in a new generation of life in the pristine expanse of America&#8217;s Arctic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Text on screen] AMERICA\u2019S ARCTIC. Teshekpuk Wetlands<br>[Credits][Text on screen] Produced by The Cornell Lab of Ornithology in association with Campion Foundation. Producer Gerrit Vyn; Editor Eric Liner; Written by Eric Liner, Gerrit Vyn; Executive Producer John Bowman; Narrator Betsy Winchester; Science Editor Irene Liu; Cinematography Gerrit Vyn, Neil Rettig, Florian Schulz, Eric Liner, Michael Mauro, Shane Moore, Matt Aeberhard, Tim Laman; Animations Jeff Romero; Color Darren Hartman; Sound Michael \u201cGonzo\u201d Gandsey<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Credits][Text on screen] Additional Sound Recordings Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Field Audio Jamie Drysdale, Gerrit Vyn; Camera Assistants Jamie Drysdale, Nicole Frey, Evan Vacek, Tom Zimmer; Field Production Manager Emil Herrera-Schulz; Arctic Field Logistics Florian Schulz Productions; Unit Production Manager Chris Corrigan; Media Management Silvia Briga, Sara Carter Conley; Accounting Vanessa Powell, Karen Workman; General Migration Routes Provided By Autumn-Lynn Harrison, Bart Kempenaers, Rick Lanctot, Vijay Patil, Sara Saalfeld, Candace Stenzel, Lee Tibbetts, David Ward, Global Flyway Network, Max Planck Institute, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, USGS Alaska Science Center, USGS Bird Banding Laboratory<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Credits][Text on screen] Special Thanks: Samantha Beaman, Helen Cherullo, James Fulcher, Rick Lanctot, Joe Liebezeit, Erika Lundahl, Ru Mahoney, Rebecca McGuire, Debbie Nigro, Amy Peloza, Kayla Scheimreif, Barrow Whaling Captains Association, Bureau of Land Management, Community of Utqiagvik, North Slope Borough, UIC Science<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Text on screen] \u00a9 2024 Cornell University<\/p>\n<p class=\"end-transcript\">End of Transcript<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teshekpuk Lake\u2014The Most Special Area<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The five Special Areas\u2014totaling 13 million acres within the 23-million-acre NPR-A\u2014were chosen because of their extraordinary ecological value for birds, caribou, marine mammals, sub\u00adsistence for Indigenous communities, recreation, and wilderness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Melanie Smith evaluated the NPR-A Special Areas as a spatial ecologist at Audubon Alaska starting in 2008 and helped to identify key bird and mammal habitat. Now Smith is the digital science and data products director for Audu\u00adbon\u2019s Migratory Bird Initiative. In terms of important bird habitat, Smith says that NPR-A checks all the boxes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThere is a dose of mystery about why a bird would be compelled to fly many thousands of miles, sometimes from one tip of the continent to the other, one tip of the hemisphere to the other,\u201d she says. But the nutrients and protection offered by the vast Arctic wetlands make those long journeys worth it, Smith says: \u201cWhen they get to the other end of that journey, they need food, clean air, clean water, and that sense of safety that it\u2019s a good place to build a nest and raise chicks.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Birds migrate from South America, Asia, even as far as the coastal waters off Antarctica, to breed in the NPR-A in spring and summer\u2014with its 24 hours of daylight; prodigious black clouds of mosquitoes, flies, and midges; and, most importantly, its polygon wetlands, sloughs, ponds, rivers, and deltas that shape the spongy Arctic tundra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Teshekpuk Lake Special Area\u2014a 3.65-million-acre expanse of coastline, wetlands, barrier islands, and the Ikpik\u00adpuk River Delta\u2014is perhaps the most special of the NPR-A\u2019s Special Areas, according to Smith. \u201cTeshekpuk\u201d means \u201cgreat enclosed water\u201d in the Inupiaq language. Teshekpuk Lake is the largest lake in Alaska\u2019s Arctic, and one of the most important places in the entire Circumpolar Arctic for water\u00adbirds. The coastline and barrier islands also provide critical denning habitat for polar bears and calving grounds for the Teshekpuk Lake Caribou Herd, an esti\u00admated 40,000 animals that are a major source of subsistence for North Slope Indigenous communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEcological values just really stack up around Teshekpuk Lake,\u201d says Smith. \u201cFor birds and for other species like caribou and polar bears, it\u2019s really the crown jewel.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Senner agrees: \u201cYou can\u2019t walk 10 feet without flushing a nesting shorebird.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group well-gray is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Globally Important Area for Tundra-Breeding Birds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The National Petroleum Reserve\u2013Alaska is about the size of Indiana, but its tundra lakes and wetlands are of outsized importance as breeding habitat for birds that travel the world. The NPR-A supports more waterbirds than any other place in the Arctic, including more than 660,000 ducks, geese, loons, and grebes; more than 4.5 million shorebirds; and nearly 200,000 gulls, terns, and jaegers. Altogether, the reserve supports more than 5 million waterbirds, which is 10 times more than the estimated breeding population of waterbirds in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. After the summer breeding season, the concentrated density of birds in the NPR-A disperses across the globe. Bird migrations out of the NPR-A reach all seven continents on Earth, with large numbers funneling down the East Asian\/Australasian Flyway and all four North American flyways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"835\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Spring-Migration_Map-VC-1280x835.jpg\" alt=\"World map using colored arrows to show migration routes. Text: Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe; Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii; Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica; Long-tailed Jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus; Brant Branta bernicla; Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea; Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius; Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus; Buff-breasted Sandpiper Calidris subruficollis\" class=\"wp-image-62414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Spring-Migration_Map-VC-1280x835.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Spring-Migration_Map-VC-720x470.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Spring-Migration_Map-VC-768x501.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Spring-Migration_Map-VC-1536x1002.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Spring-Migration_Map-VC-2048x1337.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Spring-Migration_Map-VC-480x313.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sources:<\/strong> Waterbird abundance figures from <a href=\"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cobi.12133\">Bart et al. 2013<\/a>. Bird migration routes based on data from Heiko Schmaljohann (wheatear), USGS Alaska Science Center (loon), Global Flyway Network (godwit), Autumn-Lynn Harrison (jaeger, tern), David Ward and Vijay Patil (Brant), Sarah Saalfeld and Bart Kempenaers (phalarope), Rick Lanctot and Lee Tibbitts (sandpiper), Craig Ely and Brandt Meixell (swan). Graphic by Megan Bishop.<br><em><strong>Photos:<\/strong> Loon, godwit, and Teshekpuk Lake inset by Gerrit Vyn. From Macaulay Library: wheatear by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/606227531\">Wojciech Janecki<\/a>; jaeger and tern by Autumn-Lynn Harrison; Brant by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/207446191\">Volker Hesse<\/a>; phalarope by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/165666441\">August Davidson-Onsgard<\/a>; <\/em>s<em>andpiper by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/258575971\">Luke Seitz<\/a>; swan by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/610433116\">Jack Belleghem<\/a>. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Teshekpuk Lake wetlands complex has the highest-density nesting habitat in Alaska\u2019s Arctic for breeding shorebirds. Over half a million shorebirds\u2014at a density of 126 shorebirds per square kilometer\u2014probe the lake\u2019s mud for worms and insects, and nest in its grassy shores and sedges. Teshekpuk Lake is an important breeding area for more than a dozen shorebird species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All these shorebirds are joined by several species of geese, ducks, and loons, as well as Snowy Owls and Long-tailed Jaegers. Put it all together, and the level of bird breeding activity around the lake in spring is frenetic, raucous, and just plain loud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cYou\u2019ve got all these birds in motion, feeding, courting, squabbling over terri\u00adtories, and chasing predators. Geese are honking, loons are wailing, Long-tailed Ducks are yodeling, and shorebirds have exuberant songs you only hear on the tundra,\u201d Senner says, recalling his days as a shorebird biologist camped beside the lake. \u201cThere are birds everywhere calling; it\u2019s really extraordinary.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped is-style-grid-2 wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1114\" height=\"1400\" data-id=\"62498\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Tundra-sunset-Vyn.jpg\" alt=\"Sunset over the tundra.\" class=\"wp-image-62498\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Tundra-sunset-Vyn.jpg 1114w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Tundra-sunset-Vyn-720x905.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Tundra-sunset-Vyn-768x965.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Tundra-sunset-Vyn-480x603.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1114px) 100vw, 1114px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Birds migrate to breed in the wetlands of the National Petroleum Reserve\u2013Alaska from all 50 states of the U.S. and every continent across the world.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1139\" data-id=\"62499\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Red-throated_Loon-Vyn-1280x1139.jpg\" alt=\"A waterbird on the water, with a long, pointed bill, red throat, grey head, black and white body, and a red eye.\" class=\"wp-image-62499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Red-throated_Loon-Vyn-1280x1139.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Red-throated_Loon-Vyn-720x641.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Red-throated_Loon-Vyn-768x684.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Red-throated_Loon-Vyn-480x427.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Red-throated_Loon-Vyn.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Teshekpuk Lake and surrounding tundra wetlands are the breeding home of some of North America\u2019s most spectacular waterbirds, such as the Red-throated Loon.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" data-id=\"62497\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Yellow-billed_Loon-Vyn-1280x960.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white bird in the grass, with a long, pale yellow, pointed bill, black head and a red eye.\" class=\"wp-image-62497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Yellow-billed_Loon-Vyn-1280x960.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Yellow-billed_Loon-Vyn-720x540.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Yellow-billed_Loon-Vyn-240x180.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Yellow-billed_Loon-Vyn-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Yellow-billed_Loon-Vyn-480x360.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Yellow-billed_Loon-Vyn.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Yellow-billed Loon is emblematic of the importance of the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" data-id=\"62496\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Caribou-Vyn-1280x960.jpg\" alt=\"Several caribou walk in the distance. All have large antlers.\" class=\"wp-image-62496\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Caribou-Vyn-1280x960.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Caribou-Vyn-720x540.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Caribou-Vyn-240x180.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Caribou-Vyn-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Caribou-Vyn-480x360.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Caribou-Vyn.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Teshekpuk Lake Caribou Herd numbers around 40,000 animals.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One bird in particular, says Smith, is most emblematic of the importance of the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI have a lot of access to data,\u201d she says, squinting at the numbers and graphs on her computer screen, an inventory of bird abundance around the lake. \u201cIf I zoom in to see which species are in high abundance, I can come up with 20 right away where this is just the best of the best possible habitat. And then if I want to see which of those 20 are highly vulnerable to climate change \u2026 and which are sensitive to oil and gas development, the intersection of all those things is the Yellow-billed Loon.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With their large and distinct yellow bills, these loons are highly territorial as they nest and feed in the myriad freshwater lakes and ponds. Smith says 75% of the U.S. breeding population of Yellow-billed Loons nests within the NPR-A, primarily in the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Smith and Senner both stress that it\u2019s not just the numbers of birds at Teshek\u00adpuk Lake and throughout the NPR-A that make this land important, but the connectivity of so many different spe\u00adcies that fly thousands of miles from all over the globe to spend a brief, seasonal window in this one place. That connec\u00adtivity makes the best case for protecting the NPR-A\u2019s Special Areas, they say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhen we are talking to someone who is a duck hunter,\u201d says Smith, \u201cthey care about conservation of waterfowl. If we talk about a Northern Pintail, well there are Northern Pintails all over the place, but we can show them that it\u2019s actually <em>their <\/em>Northern Pintails, that come <em>here<\/em>, that might be affected by climate change and oil and gas development.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Buff-breasted_Sandpiper-Vyn-1280x662.jpg\" alt=\"A pale bird stands in the grass with open wings in the golden sun.\" class=\"wp-image-62500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Buff-breasted_Sandpiper-Vyn-1280x662.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Buff-breasted_Sandpiper-Vyn-720x372.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Buff-breasted_Sandpiper-Vyn-768x397.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Buff-breasted_Sandpiper-Vyn-1536x794.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Buff-breasted_Sandpiper-Vyn-480x248.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Buff-breasted_Sandpiper-Vyn.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The double-wing embrace is the final act in the mating display of the Buff-breasted Sandpiper. After the breeding season on Alaska\u2019s Arctic coastal plain, these sandpipers embark on long-distance migrations to the pampas of Argentina and Uruguay.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>A New Project to Drill, And a New Rule to Protect<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hundreds of oil and gas test wells have been drilled within NPR-A over the years, and industry has acquired the development rights to 2.5 million acres within it. There are currently three proj\u00adects producing oil in the reserve\u2019s north\u00adeast corner. The Trump administration tried to expand oil and gas leasing and reduce protections for the Special Areas, but that effort was overturned by the Biden administration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Last September, President Biden proposed a new conservation rule that strengthened Special Areas protections. Reaction in the conservation commu\u00adnity was mixed. The rule would prohibit new leasing in 10.6 million acres of the reserve and require strict guidelines for another 2.4 million acres, protecting about half of the entire reserve. But the Biden administration did not change course on its approval of the Willow project, oil and gas leases to the east of Teshekpuk Lake that have been held by ConocoPhillips for more than 20 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While Biden reduced the size of development from five drilling sites to three, and ConocoPhillips agreed to give back leases to 68,000 acres within NPR-A, the White House gave the green light for extraction of what ConocoPhillips predicts will be 180,000 barrels of oil a day at its peak. The move avoided a costly legal battle with the oil company, which many predicted the administration would lose. But oppo\u00adnents say the project is a threat to the ecological values of NPR-A and would create a \u201ccarbon bomb\u201d of emissions, the equivalent of adding 2 million cars to the nation\u2019s roads every year of the project\u2019s life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"wp-block-group sidebar-alignright sidebar-space order-bottom\"><!--HubSpot Call-to-Action Code -->\r\n<span class=\"hs-cta-wrapper\" id=\"hs-cta-wrapper-096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da\">\r\n    <span class=\"hs-cta-node hs-cta-096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da\" id=\"hs-cta-096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da\">\r\n        <!--[if lte IE 8]><div id=\"hs-cta-ie-element\"><\/div><![endif]-->\r\n        <a href=\"http:\/\/cta-redirect.hubspot.com\/cta\/redirect\/95627\/096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da\" ><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hs-cta-img\" id=\"hs-cta-img-096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da\" style=\"border-width:0px;\" src=\"https:\/\/no-cache.hubspot.com\/cta\/default\/95627\/096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da.png\"  alt=\"subscribe to Living Bird magazine\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\r\n    <\/span>\r\n    <script charset=\"utf-8\" src=\"https:\/\/js.hscta.net\/cta\/current.js\"><\/script>\r\n    <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n        hbspt.cta.load(95627, '096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da', {});\r\n    <\/script>\r\n<\/span>\r\n<!-- end HubSpot Call-to-Action Code -->\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Marilyn Heiman, former U.S. Arctic program director for the Pew Charitable Trust, is skeptical of any new development in the area: \u201cIndustry made promises that they would reduce the damaging footprint of drill pads, pipelines, and roads and air and water pollution in America\u2019s Arctic, but those promises have not been kept.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The state of Alaska, its congressio\u00adnal delegation, and most North Slope communities have rallied in support of the Willow project. The North Slope Borough\u2019s regional government relies on oil revenue for 95% of its budget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schoen, the retired wildlife biologist, says he gets the economic argument.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"article-list alignright right list-style card-four \"><h2 class=\"article-list-header\">More on Teshekpuk Lake and the Willow Project<\/h2><ul><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-article\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/the-u-s-keeps-making-promises-to-oil-companies-the-birds-of-teshekpuk-lake-need-promises-too\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Semipalmated_Sandpiper_chick-Vyn-FI-1280x960.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Semipalmated_Sandpiper_chick-Vyn-FI-720x540.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Semipalmated_Sandpiper_chick-Vyn-FI-1280x960.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Semipalmated_Sandpiper_chick-Vyn-FI-240x180.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Semipalmated_Sandpiper_chick-Vyn-FI-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Semipalmated_Sandpiper_chick-Vyn-FI-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Semipalmated_Sandpiper_chick-Vyn-FI-480x360.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Semipalmated_Sandpiper_chick-Vyn-FI.jpg 1987w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" alt=\"Fluffy chick with brown, white and russet pattern, sits in the grass.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/the-u-s-keeps-making-promises-to-oil-companies-the-birds-of-teshekpuk-lake-need-promises-too\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">The U.S. Keeps Making Promises to Oil Companies. The Birds of Teshekpuk Lake Need Promises, Too.<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI\u2019m a pragmatist. I\u2019m not recom\u00admending that we have no oil and gas development in the Arctic,\u201d he says, \u201cbut I certainly don\u2019t think it\u2019s responsible to continue this incremental piecemeal expansion of development without a comprehensive strategy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The proposed new rule by the Biden administration\u2014which the Department of the Interior hopes to finalize this year\u2014does recognize how dramatically the Arctic is changing due to a warming climate. For the first time, it would establish a process for balancing devel\u00adopment with the protection of Special Areas, and would require the BLM to consider designating new, or amending existing, Special Areas every five years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Senner says his wish list of amend\u00adments would link places like the Kasega\u00adluk Lagoon Special Area and the Utukok Uplands Special Area, add acreage to the west of the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area, and provide more protection for the sand dunes within the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area. The dunes are important nesting habitat for Yellow-billed Loons and provide places for caribou to escape biting insects. Senner says the dunes are currently off limits to oil and gas leasing, but could be mined by industry for sand and gravel roads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe ultimate objective is permanent protection for some of these extraordi\u00adnary areas,\u201d he says, \u201cand by permanent, I mean legislatively established areas as opposed to administratively estab\u00adlished, because the truth of it is that the Biden administration can do everything it wants, and it could still be undone by the next administration.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That\u2019s a constant worry, says Melanie Smith, who points out that only 2% of Alaska\u2019s Arctic coastal plain is under permanent protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt can be hard for people to see the importance of protecting something called \u2018a petroleum reserve,\u2019\u201d says Smith. \u201cIt\u2019s an unfortunate situation that the oil values and the bird values and the caribou values and the polar bear values all come together in one place. But we need to be protecting more of Alaska\u2019s Arctic. Two percent isn\u2019t enough.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group sidebar-alignright has-lightgray-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About the Author<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elizabeth Arnold is a journalism professor at the University of Alaska and former longtime polit\u00adical correspondent for National Public Radio. She has received numerous journalism awards, including a duPont Columbia Silver Baton and the Dirksen Award for Distinguished Reporting of Congress. Over the last decade, she has re\u00adported on the ecological and human impacts of global warming from some of the most remote areas of the Arctic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schoen says he is proud of the work that\u2019s been done by Audubon and others over the last 50 years, but he says more is needed. He is an advocate for a com\u00adprehensive, science-based conservation strategy for NPR-A, and the entire Arctic coastal plain, \u201cso that we can provide what shorebirds and Yellow-billed Loons and caribou and polar bears need.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe still have the opportunity in Alaska to protect intact ecosystems with all their functional parts, what I saw from that airplane as a young biologist,\u201d Schoen says. \u201cBut it\u2019s going to take some compromise and some good informa\u00adtion. We have the information, and we have the tools. But do we have the will?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This spring as millions of birds all over the world are embarking on long migra\u00adtory journeys back to their birthplace in the NPR-A, ConocoPhillips is wrapping up its winter construction season, mining gravel to build a network of roads that will lead to as many as 199 wells across the Willow project. Oil production is expected to begin in 2029.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group well-gray is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"april-update\">Update: NPR-A Protections Finalized in April 2024<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This brief appeared in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-summer-2024-table-of-contents\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"63523\">Summer 2024<\/a> issue of <\/em>Living Bird<em> magazine.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In April the Biden Administration finalized protections for the Special Areas of the National Petroleum Reserve\u2013Alaska, including a ban on new oil and gas leasing within 10.6 million acres of the reserve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Special Areas of the NPR-A in Alaska\u2019s North Slope have been designated as places of significant ecological value. Altogether the NPR-A supports more than 5 million breeding waterbirds. According to former Audubon Alaska director Stan Senner, \u201cThe reserve has big numbers of birds coming from seven different continents to nest \u2026 at densities and diversities that are not found anywhere else in the Alaska Arctic, and very high relative to the entire global Arctic.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final rule for NPR-A management also establishes a new public comment process for expanding the existing Special Areas or creating new ones, and it states the federal Bureau of Land Management will \u201cseek co-stewardship opportunities\u201d with neighboring Indigenous communities to manage the lands and subsistence resources (such as caribou) within the reserve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By codifying the NPR-A Special Area protections, the Biden Administration is establishing a rule that will be difficult for a future administration to overturn. \u201cOnce protections are in place, rolling it back is a process, and it\u2019s hard,\u201d says Nicole Gentile, senior director for conservation at the Center for American Progress. \u201cNot just because you need to go through legal hoops, and do a whole process at the agency, but you have to fight public sentiment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn the public mind, once something is protected, rolling that back is deeply unpopular.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#\">Back to top<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About 23 million acres of tundra lakes and wetlands, set aside more than 100 years ago as the National Petroleum Reserve\u2013Alaska, are today treasured for their global importance to migratory bird populations and climate stability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":62417,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_birdpress_living_bird_toc":62402,"_birdpress_living_bird_toc_title":"Living Bird Spring 2024&mdash;Table Of Contents","_birdpress_featured_image":false,"_birdpress_hero_toggle":false,"_birdpress_hero_type":"image","_birdpress_hero_image_type":"image","_birdpress_hero_style":"textured-glass left","_birdpress_hero_ratio":"","_birdpress_hero_h1":"","_birdpress_hero_media_id":0,"_birdpress_hero_media_array_id":[],"_birdpress_hero_media_array":[],"_birdpress_hero_media":0,"_birdpress_hero_video_id":0,"_birdpress_hero_video":0,"_birdpress_hero_youtube":"","_birdpress_hero_content":false,"_birdpress_hero_byline":"Story by Elizabeth Arnold; Photography by Gerrit Vyn","_birdpress_hero_byline_bottom":"","_birdpress_hero_button_link":"","_birdpress_hero_button_text":"","_birdpress_hero_button_color":"","_birdpress_hero_date":false,"original_guid":"","_birdpress_hide_search":false,"_birdpress_page_width":"","_birdpress_global_cta":false,"_birdpress_widget_sidebar":"","_birdpress_next_article":62427,"_birdpress_next_article_title":"The U.S. Keeps Making Promises to Oil Companies. 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