{"id":61355,"date":"2024-01-04T21:05:41","date_gmt":"2024-01-05T02:05:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/?p=61355"},"modified":"2024-11-04T14:24:58","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T19:24:58","slug":"who-wins-at-the-bird-feeder-the-lone-wolf-or-the-social-butterfly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/who-wins-at-the-bird-feeder-the-lone-wolf-or-the-social-butterfly\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Wins at the Bird Feeder\u2014the Lone Wolf or the Social Butterfly?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"776\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock-Cardinal-Jay-1280x776.jpg\" alt=\"A blue bird flies towards a red and beige bird at a bird feeder and the red bird stands her ground.\" class=\"wp-image-61639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock-Cardinal-Jay-1280x776.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock-Cardinal-Jay-720x437.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock-Cardinal-Jay-768x466.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock-Cardinal-Jay-1536x932.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock-Cardinal-Jay-480x291.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock-Cardinal-Jay.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Blue Jays often have the upper hand, but this female Northern Cardinal stands her ground at a bird feeder. <em>Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/stock.adobe.com\/images\/female-and-male-northern-cardinals-getting-a-bite-from-the-bird-feeder-and-female-cardinal-ejecting-blue-jays-twice-her-size-fesity-little-bird-in-overcast-winter-day\/492123398\">Janet\/Adobe Stock<\/a>.<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group sidebar-alignright order-bottom\"><div class=\"article-list list-style\"><h2 class=\"article-list-header\">More From Living Bird<\/h2><ul><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-living-bird-toc\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-winter-2024-table-of-contents\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/40662271-Great_Gray_Owl-Luke_Seitz-TOC-WInter24-FI-1.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/40662271-Great_Gray_Owl-Luke_Seitz-TOC-WInter24-FI-1-720x540.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/40662271-Great_Gray_Owl-Luke_Seitz-TOC-WInter24-FI-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/40662271-Great_Gray_Owl-Luke_Seitz-TOC-WInter24-FI-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/40662271-Great_Gray_Owl-Luke_Seitz-TOC-WInter24-FI-1-480x360.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/40662271-Great_Gray_Owl-Luke_Seitz-TOC-WInter24-FI-1.jpg 861w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"A large gray owl stands on a branch in the snow.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-winter-2024-table-of-contents\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Winter 2024\u2014Table Of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-living-bird-toc\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-spring-2026-table-of-contents\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest.png 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest-240x180.png 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest-480x360.png 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Living Bird-latest issue\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-spring-2026-table-of-contents\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Magazine\u2014Latest Issue<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-article\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-magazine-archives\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive.png 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive-240x180.png 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive-480x360.png 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Living Bird archives\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-magazine-archives\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Magazine Archives<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">From the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-winter-2024-table-of-contents\/\">Winter 2024 issue<\/a> of <em>Living Bird<\/em> magazine. <a href=\"https:\/\/join.birds.cornell.edu\/page\/14522\/donate\/\">Subscribe now<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When hordes of chickadees, finches, and woodpeckers descend on a backyard bird feeder, squabbles are bound to erupt: Sometimes getting a choice morsel means muscling your way into position. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Minimizing conflict in these situations is good for birds, says Cornell Lab of Ornithology Research Associate Eliot Miller: \u201cIt takes energy to fight, and it can be dangerous, so it usually makes sense to avoid it.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2017, a team led by Miller used Project FeederWatch data to analyze such conflicts\u2014moments when one bird displaces another at a food source. The results, published in the journal <em>Behavioral Ecology<\/em>, gave rise to a dominance-hierarchy ranking for backyard birds: a guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/when-136-bird-species-show-up-at-a-feeder-which-one-wins\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"33082\">which species were most likely to hold their ground<\/a> in one-on-one confrontations with other species, and which ones were more likely to turn tail and fly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, other scientists are picking up where Miller left off, using an ever-growing set of FeederWatch data to dive deeper into the behaviors, social relationships, and physical traits that shape conflict at the bird feeder. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biologist Roslyn Dakin of Carleton University in Canada was inspired by Miller\u2019s 2017 study to look into whether a bird\u2019s social tendencies affect their place in the pecking order. For example, some birds, such as finches and House Sparrows, are social butterflies that often visit feeders in groups, while others, such as woodpeckers and nuthatches, are more likely to be lone wolves. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group sidebar-alignright has-lightgray-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"article-list list-style card-four \"><h2 class=\"article-list-header\">Related Stories<\/h2><ul><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-article\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/when-136-bird-species-show-up-at-a-feeder-which-one-wins\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FightClub_JDitner-FI-1280x960.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FightClub_JDitner-FI-720x540.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FightClub_JDitner-FI-1280x960.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FightClub_JDitner-FI-240x180.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FightClub_JDitner-FI-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FightClub_JDitner-FI-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FightClub_JDitner-FI-480x360.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FightClub_JDitner-FI.jpg 1612w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" alt=\"illustration of birds fighting at a bird feeder in the snow.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/when-136-bird-species-show-up-at-a-feeder-which-one-wins\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">When 136 Bird Species Show Up at a Feeder, Which One Wins?<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Working with Carleton PhD student Ilias Berberi, Dakin analyzed 6.1 million FeederWatch observations to determine the average group size at feeders for 68 species. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat we realized once we got into [the FeederWatch data] is that it actually presents all kinds of opportunities that we don\u2019t have otherwise,\u201d says Dakin. \u201cIt lets us ask questions that we couldn\u2019t possibly ask through the observations of any one scientist or even a small team of scientists because no one person could observe communities across an entire continent.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Next the team looked into 55,000 recorded one-on-one dominance interactions in the FeederWatch dataset to see if the loner birds or social birds are better at displacing other birds. Their results, <a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full\/10.1098\/rspb.2022.1894?af=R\">published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B<\/a> in February 2023, showed that birds like White-breasted Nuthatch and Red-bellied Woodpecker (lone wolves that were among the least social birds in the study) were also among the most likely to displace others. At the other end of the spectrum, the social butterflies that usually visited feeders in groups, such as American Goldfinches and House Sparrows, were most likely to flee the scene when facing off against a foe of similar stature. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But there was a caveat: When these socially inclined birds came to feed in groups, their performance improved. For example, highly social Pine Siskins lose most encounters when they are alone, but when a group of five visits together their individual interactions, on average, become twice as successful. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1270\" height=\"765\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Feederfightclub_Final_VC-2-crop.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration showing how some bird species are more dominant at feeders if they have others with them.\" class=\"wp-image-61884\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Feederfightclub_Final_VC-2-crop.jpg 1270w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Feederfightclub_Final_VC-2-crop-720x434.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Feederfightclub_Final_VC-2-crop-768x463.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Feederfightclub_Final_VC-2-crop-480x289.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1270px) 100vw, 1270px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Success Rate in Feeder Face-Offs Against Similar-Sized Opponents.<\/strong> Social birds such as Pine Siskins (on the left) did better in one-on-one conflicts when they visited feeders in groups, according to a 2023 study. Conversely, more solitary Northern Cardinals performed better when they were on their own. <em>Graphic by Jillian Ditner.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Conversely, some birds that tend to be lone wolves, like Northern Cardinals, became less successful in feeder showdowns when they visited in groups. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe think that these effects might be driven by what the birds are paying attention to,\u201d says Dakin. \u201cSo maybe when cardinals are there in a group, they\u2019re paying attention to each other and might be more prone to being displaced by a different species.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another study, published in 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-023-44613-0\">in the journal <em>Nature Communications<\/em><\/a> and led by Gavin Leighton, an assistant professor of biology at Buffalo State University, investigated what happens to the dominance hierarchy when a new face shows up at the bird feeder. Leighton and his team looked at around 1,600 interactions from more than 100 different bird species in the FeederWatch data and determined that \u201csyntopic\u201d species\u2014pairs of species that usually overlap in space and time\u2014get into fights less than expected. On the other hand, species that are not often found together fight more than expected when their paths cross. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, chickadees, goldfinches, and juncos seem to avoid getting into scuffles even though they\u2019re often shoulder to shoulder at feeders. On the other hand, chickadees seem to be spoiling for a fight with Yellow-rumped Warblers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt all comes down to energy,\u201d says Leighton. \u201cYou don\u2019t want to get into fights you know you\u2019ll lose. When birds see each other on a regular basis, they\u2019re more likely to know whether they are the subordinate one or the dominant one. If you are in close proximity to someone you know is likely to beat you, it\u2019s more advantageous to just leave before anything happens.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group sidebar-alignright has-lightgray-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Feeders Fueling Science<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Project FeederWatch is a joint project of  the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Birds Canada. For more than 35 years, FeederWatchers have kept track of the birds at their feeders from late fall to early spring and shared their data with scientists. More than 45 research papers using FeederWatch data have been published in scientific journals. <a href=\"https:\/\/feederwatch.org\/\">More about FeederWatch<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Both Dakin and Leighton are continuing to use FeederWatch data to tease apart the social networks at bird feeders. Leighton is currently studying whether harsh weather makes it more likely that a subordinate species will resist in an attack; Dakin is interested in how weather affects group size at bird feeders. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Emma Greig, the project leader for FeederWatch at the Cornell Lab, says she\u2019s thrilled the data is being used in new ways, and that thousands of FeederWatchers are continuing to report dominance interactions in their observations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe can use bird counts to infer things about behavior, but now we can also use people\u2019s direct observations of behavioral interactions to learn how birds relate to one another,\u201d says Greig. \u201cIt\u2019s really fantastic data.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Five years after an illuminating study on bird-feeder dominance hierarchies, a new crop of research is delving into what causes conflicts at the seed station.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":61636,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_birdpress_living_bird_toc":61340,"_birdpress_living_bird_toc_title":"Living Bird Winter 2024&mdash;Table Of Contents","_birdpress_featured_image":false,"_birdpress_hero_toggle":false,"_birdpress_hero_type":"image","_birdpress_hero_image_type":"image","_birdpress_hero_style":"default","_birdpress_hero_ratio":"","_birdpress_hero_h1":"","_birdpress_hero_media_id":0,"_birdpress_hero_media_array_id":[],"_birdpress_hero_media_array":[],"_birdpress_hero_media":0,"_birdpress_hero_video_id":0,"_birdpress_hero_video":0,"_birdpress_hero_youtube":"","_birdpress_hero_content":true,"_birdpress_hero_byline":"By Marc 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