{"id":53763,"date":"2022-08-31T16:31:31","date_gmt":"2022-08-31T20:31:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/?p=53763"},"modified":"2024-11-13T16:44:29","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T21:44:29","slug":"for-unusual-birds-does-distinction-raise-the-risk-of-extinction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/for-unusual-birds-does-distinction-raise-the-risk-of-extinction\/","title":{"rendered":"For Unusual Birds, Does Distinction Raise the Risk of Extinction?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"toc-link\">From the <a href=\"https:\/\/allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-autumn-2022-table-of-contents\">Autumn 2022<\/a> issue of <em>Living Bird<\/em> magazine. <a href=\"https:\/\/join.birds.cornell.edu\/page\/14522\/donate\/1\">Subscribe now<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group sidebar-alignright order-bottom\"><div class=\"article-list list-style\"><h2 class=\"article-list-header\">More From Living Bird<\/h2><ul><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-living-bird-toc\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-autumn-2022-table-of-contents\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/goshawk-fi-16x9-1.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/goshawk-fi-16x9-1-720x405.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/goshawk-fi-16x9-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/goshawk-fi-16x9-1-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/goshawk-fi-16x9-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"tap or click to read story about Northern Goshawks\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-autumn-2022-table-of-contents\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Autumn 2022\u2014Table of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-living-bird-toc\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-spring-2026-table-of-contents\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest.png 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest-240x180.png 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest-480x360.png 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Living Bird-latest issue\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-spring-2026-table-of-contents\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Magazine\u2014Latest Issue<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-article\" data-link-to=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-magazine-archives\/\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive.png 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive-240x180.png 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive-480x360.png 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Living Bird archives\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><a class=\"article-item-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-magazine-archives\/\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Magazine Archives<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Birds with unusual bills, extreme size (big or small), and specialized survival strategies are most threatened by the global extinction crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>According to a study published in July in the journal Current Biology, the most superlative birds with the most extraordinary lifestyles\u2014such as the Red-headed Vulture, Giant Ibis, Bengal Florican, and Seychelles Scops- Owl\u2014face the greatest risks in this age of climate change and habitat loss. Their disappearance would lead to a \u201chomogenization\u201d of the world\u2019s bird life, the study authors say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to lead author Emma Hughes, an ecologist at the University of Sheffield in England, the loss of the world\u2019s weirdest birds would mean a loss for the world at large.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLosing these diverse, unusual species is likely to have an impact on ecosystem functioning and services, as there are very few or no other species that have those extreme trait combinations,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hughes grew up in the English countryside, where she was \u201cfascinated with the diversity of life, and why there is so much variation in what species look like,\u201d she says. \u201cBirds in particular really captured my imagination as they are such a diverse group in terms of their appearance and behavior.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hughes and colleagues sought to characterize this diversity by measuring specimens of 8,455 bird species in natural history museum collections, primarily from the Natural History Museum at Tring and the Manchester Museum in England, as well as the Field Museum in Chicago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNatural history collections have been a hugely vital resource in the creation of large-scale trait datasets,\u201d says Hughes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers compiled numerical data for eight characteristics, such as body size, beak dimension and shape, and leg and wing length, into a multi-dimensional \u201cmorphospace.\u201d Imagine a multi-axis bell curve, with typical generalists\u2014 think backyard birds\u2014clustered near the center, and the avian oddballs populating the lonely extremes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers then removed all the species that met the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/\">International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List<\/a> classification of Critically Endangered (the highest risk). Next they removed those that were Endangered, and so on, through Vulnerable and Near Threatened.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As tranches of at-risk species fell away, the average distance of species from the center of the morphospace decreased. In other words, the birds at the extremes disappeared much faster than the generalists huddled at the center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Morphospace_MEDIUM.jpg\" alt=\"a composite illustration showing a red, yellow, and green bell curve with birds including sparrows, flamingos, ducks, hummingbirds, parrots, vultures, and owls superimposed on it\" class=\"wp-image-53974\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Morphospace_MEDIUM.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Morphospace_MEDIUM-720x360.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Morphospace_MEDIUM-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Morphospace_MEDIUM-480x240.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Endangered at the Edges of the Morphospace. <\/strong>University of Sheffield ecologist Emma Hughes plotted nearly 8,500 of the world\u2019s bird species according to their morphology, or physical characteristics. The birds at the edges of the plot (with physical traits such as unusually long or short beaks, wings, or legs) tended to be species on the IUCN Red List. <em>Macaulay Library photos (L to R): Seychelles Scops-Owl by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/474805731\">Steve Agricole<\/a>, Spoon-billed Sandpiper by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/405223371\">Su Li<\/a>, White-headed Duck by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/205090441\">Daniel Pettersson<\/a>, Velvet Scoter by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/402228621\">Mehmet ertan Tiryaki<\/a>, Bee Hummingbird by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/248222891\">Robert Tizard<\/a>, House Sparrow by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/336906711\">Matthew Plante<\/a>, Asian Fairy-bluebird by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/358205131\">Vincent Wang<\/a>, Blue-gray Tanager by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/160368361\">Anonymous<\/a>, Cinnamon Quail-thrush by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/247576201\">Barry Deacon<\/a>, European Starling by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/309185771\">Matthew Plante<\/a>, Polynesian Triller by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/102915191\">Mike Greenfelder<\/a>, James\u2019s Flamingo by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/403639271\">Evangelina Indelicato<\/a>, Short-tailed Albatross by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/455459541\">Po-Wei Chi<\/a>, Andean Condor by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/78796321\">Jorge Mu\u00f1oz Garc\u00eda CAQUETA BIRDING<\/a>, Indigo Macaw by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/416806971\">Bradley Hacker<\/a>, and Giant Ibis by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/158632331\">Matthew Kwan<\/a>.<\/em><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As the fascinating oddballs disappeared, the surviving birdlife became more typical, more alike\u2014what the study called \u201chomogenization across the avian class, with species becoming more alike in terms of their morphology.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, Hughes points out that species like Buller\u2019s Shearwater, Short-tailed Albatross, and White-necked Petrel are all listed as Vulnerable. The disappearance of these large seabirds, she says, would leave behind an assemblage of bird species on the oceans with much less diversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/short-tailed-albatross-po-wei-chi-taiwan-455459541-1.77.jpg\" alt=\"an albatross soars over a gray sea\" class=\"wp-image-54204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/short-tailed-albatross-po-wei-chi-taiwan-455459541-1.77.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/short-tailed-albatross-po-wei-chi-taiwan-455459541-1.77-720x407.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/short-tailed-albatross-po-wei-chi-taiwan-455459541-1.77-768x434.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/short-tailed-albatross-po-wei-chi-taiwan-455459541-1.77-480x271.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption><em>Short-tailed Albatross by <a href=\"https:\/\/macaulaylibrary.org\/asset\/455459541\">Po-Wei Chi\/Macaulay Library<\/a>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s no surprise that unusual birds would be the first to disappear, says Eliot Miller, collection development manager at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. But Miller, who was not involved in the study, says that putting numbers to this trend is an informative way to characterize the increasing sameness of surviving bird species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI like that about the paper\u2014it makes it very tangible,\u201d said Miller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hughes says that the most unusual birds are at the greatest risk because, by virtue of their weird proportions and shapes, they are specialized and occupy rather narrow niches. If their niches change, they can\u2019t adapt to new conditions as readily as generalists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And with the loss of odd shapes, proportions, and sizes among birds comes the loss of ecological services, says Hughes, \u201cwith important ramifications for humans as ecosystem services are lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A striking example is the potential for losing four species of vultures in Asia. Vultures, as a group, lie far outside the avian average and also provide an indispensable service\u2014disposing of carrion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cVultures provide vital ecosystem services by removing decaying carcasses, which could otherwise increase the direct transmission of infectious diseases and increase populations of opportunistic scavengers such as dogs and rats that spread rabies and bubonic plague,\u201d says Hughes. \u201cLosing diversity of morphological form means we are losing the most important elements of biodiversity. What happens if we lose ecosystem services that other species cannot fill, or lead to a decrease in the service provided?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Hughes, the analyses in her study add to the urgency of global biodiversity conservation efforts. \u201cStrategies that reduce human impact on the planet are desperately needed, and current strategies are not going far enough to stem the extinction crisis,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Miller, a key takeaway from the study is the responsibility for keeping weirdness in the bird world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe world is a richer place with them here,\u201d he says. \u201cWe owe it to ourselves to keep the world a beautiful, biodiverse place.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group well-gray is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Greg Breining is a frequent contributor to Living Bird magazine. He writes about wildlife, the environment, health, and science.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Using an innovative analysis of the &#8220;morphospace,&#8221; scientists discovered that\u00a0the world\u2019s most unusual bird species are the ones most at risk of extinction. Their loss would leave a less diverse, interesting, and functional world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":54024,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_birdpress_living_bird_toc":53753,"_birdpress_living_bird_toc_title":"Living Bird Autumn 2022&mdash;Table of Contents","_birdpress_featured_image":true,"_birdpress_hero_toggle":false,"_birdpress_hero_type":"image","_birdpress_hero_image_type":"image","_birdpress_hero_style":"default","_birdpress_hero_ratio":"","_birdpress_hero_h1":"","_birdpress_hero_media_id":0,"_birdpress_hero_media_array_id":[],"_birdpress_hero_media_array":[],"_birdpress_hero_media":0,"_birdpress_hero_video_id":0,"_birdpress_hero_video":0,"_birdpress_hero_youtube":"","_birdpress_hero_content":true,"_birdpress_hero_byline":"By Greg 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