{"id":39942,"date":"2019-06-17T15:38:07","date_gmt":"2019-06-17T19:38:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/?p=39942"},"modified":"2019-06-24T16:47:45","modified_gmt":"2019-06-24T20:47:45","slug":"indigenous-forest-guards-achieve-breakthroughs-in-protecting-the-great-philippine-eagle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/indigenous-forest-guards-achieve-breakthroughs-in-protecting-the-great-philippine-eagle\/","title":{"rendered":"Indigenous Forest Guards Achieve Breakthroughs in Protecting the Great Philippine Eagle"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n              <figure class=\"size-large alignnone\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Higaonon-forest-guard-doing-eagle-monitoring.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Higaonon-forest-guard-doing-eagle-monitoring-1280x854.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Higaonon-forest-guard-doing-eagle-monitoring-720x480.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Higaonon-forest-guard-doing-eagle-monitoring-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Higaonon-forest-guard-doing-eagle-monitoring-1280x854.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Higaonon-forest-guard-doing-eagle-monitoring-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Higaonon-forest-guard-doing-eagle-monitoring.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" alt=\"An indigenous forest guard from the Higaonon tribe monitors Philippine Eagle habitat. Photo courtesy of the Philippine Eagle Foundation\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\n                <figcaption>An indigenous forest guard from the Higaonon tribe monitors Great Philippine Eagle habitat. <em>Photo courtesy of the Philippine Eagle Foundation.<\/em><\/figcaption>\n              <\/figure>\n            <\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group sidebar-alignright sidebar-space order-bottom\"><div class=\"article-list list-style alignright\"><h2 class=\"article-list-header\">More From Living Bird<\/h2><ul><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-living-bird-toc\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LB-FI-GWWA-Keys.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LB-FI-GWWA-Keys-720x405.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LB-FI-GWWA-Keys-240x135.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LB-FI-GWWA-Keys-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LB-FI-GWWA-Keys-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/LB-FI-GWWA-Keys.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Summer 2019\u2014Table of Contents<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-living-bird-toc\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest.png 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest-240x180.png 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-latest-480x360.png 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Living Bird-latest issue\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Magazine\u2014Latest Issue<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-article\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive.png 720w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive-240x180.png 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/living-bird-acrhive-480x360.png 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Living Bird archives\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Living Bird Magazine Archives<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<p><small><em>From the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/living-bird-summer-2019-table-of-contents\">Summer 2019<\/a> issue of <\/em>Living Bird<em> magazine. <a href=\"https:\/\/join.birds.cornell.edu\/ea-action\/action?ea.client.id=1806&amp;ea.campaign.id=24577&amp;ea.tracking.id=LBO\">Subscribe now<\/a>.<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n<p>With a 7-foot wingspan, the Philippine Eagle is one of the world\u2019s largest rap\u00adtors, and one of the most endangered (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/in-the-aerie-of-the-philippine-eagle\/\">In the Aerie of the Philippine Ea\u00adgle<\/a>). Only a few hundred breeding pairs remain, on just four of the thousands of islands that comprise the Philippines. President Ferdinand Marcos declared the Philippine Eagle to be a national icon back in the 1970s, but that didn\u2019t abate the destruction of more than 80% of the eagle\u2019s forest hab\u00aditat. Now the eagles have retreated to the last mountaintop forests, where the trees haven\u2019t been cut yet, and where a declaration of a different kind\u2014sacred designations bestowed by the forests\u2019 indigenous owners\u2014are proving to be the species\u2019 best protection.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group legacy-sidebar sidebar-alignright has-lightgray-background-color has-background\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n              <figure class=\"size-medium alignnone\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Philippine-Eagle-Arnal.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Philippine-Eagle-Arnal.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Philippine-Eagle-Arnal.jpg 681w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Philippine-Eagle-Arnal-480x611.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Philippine Eagle photo by kike arnal\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\n                <figcaption><em>Great Philippine Eagle by Kike Arnal<\/em>.<\/figcaption>\n              <\/figure>\n            <\/div>\n<h4>Bird of Prey: Watch Movie on Amazon or iTunes<\/h4>\n<p>The Cornell Lab of Ornithology\u2019s feature film <em>Bird of Prey<\/em>\u2014named 2018 Best Environment and Natural History Film at the Banff Mountain Film and Book Festival\u2014is now available for download and viewing via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Bird-Prey-Neil-Rettig\/dp\/B07RW388C6\/ref=sr_1_2?keywords=bird+of+prey+movie&amp;qid=1560299200&amp;s=gateway&amp;sr=8-2\">Amazon<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/movie\/bird-of-prey-the-story-of-the-rarest-eagle-on-earth\/id1464118805\/\">iTunes<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/ondemand\/birdofpreymovie\">Vimeo<\/a>. The feature documentary follows renowned wildlife cinematographer Neil Rettig on a quest to find and film the rarest eagle on the planet\u2014the Great Philippine Eagle\u2014and celebrates the Filipino conservationists determined to save their national icon. <a href=\"http:\/\/birdofpreymovie.com\/\">More about the film<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>One of the largest swaths of habitat left for the eagles today is in the forests surrounding Mt. Apo, the Philippines\u2019 highest peak, which covers over 300 square miles on the island of Mindanao. Much of the lowland forest surrounding Mt. Apo was cleared in the 1960s and 1970s to make room for development (including Davao City, which has tripled its population to 2.5 million in the last 50 years). The eagles were forced upslope to the highest elevations of Mt. Apo, where they share the forest with 20,000 people from five distinct indigenous communities.<\/p>\n<p>And the eagles weren\u2019t safe there, ei\u00adther. Traditionally these communities survive by farming and hunting\u2014both for subsistence, and to bring crops and meat to market. Sometimes that hunting included eagles, and sometimes eagle nest trees were cleared to make room for crops. Yet three decades ago when the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.philippineeaglefoundation.org\/\">Philippine Eagle Foundation<\/a> conducted surveys of where the eagles remained, they found eagle populations holding on in some of the areas with large indige\u00adnous communities, such as Mt. Apo.<\/p>\n<p>Initial efforts by the foundation to engage the indigenous communities in eagle conservation sputtered, largely because the foundation and the tribal leaders were \u201ctalking past each other,\u201d according to Philippine Eagle Founda\u00adtion director of research and con\u00adservation Jayson Ibanez. Then came a breakthrough in 2009, when Ibanez and his conservation team had a memorable conversation with a tribal elder.<\/p>\n<p>Ibanez recalls that a leader of the Obu Manuvu people told him, \u201cIf [you] keep on talking about \u2018Protected Areas\u2019 or \u2018critically endangered\u2019 species in [your] narratives\u2026they will never understand [you]. But if [you] refer to species and habitats needing protection as <em>Pusaka<\/em>, then they will start listening.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group sidebar-alignright sidebar-space order-bottom\"><!--HubSpot Call-to-Action Code -->\r\n<span class=\"hs-cta-wrapper\" id=\"hs-cta-wrapper-096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da\">\r\n    <span class=\"hs-cta-node hs-cta-096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da\" id=\"hs-cta-096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da\">\r\n        <!--[if lte IE 8]><div id=\"hs-cta-ie-element\"><\/div><![endif]-->\r\n        <a href=\"http:\/\/cta-redirect.hubspot.com\/cta\/redirect\/95627\/096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da\" ><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hs-cta-img\" id=\"hs-cta-img-096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da\" style=\"border-width:0px;\" src=\"https:\/\/no-cache.hubspot.com\/cta\/default\/95627\/096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da.png\"  alt=\"subscribe to Living Bird magazine\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\r\n    <\/span>\r\n    <script charset=\"utf-8\" src=\"https:\/\/js.hscta.net\/cta\/current.js\"><\/script>\r\n    <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n        hbspt.cta.load(95627, '096b8ce3-0e2d-46c5-bbf7-12de3323c8da', {});\r\n    <\/script>\r\n<\/span>\r\n<!-- end HubSpot Call-to-Action Code -->\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Pusaka<\/em> refers to an ancient practice by the Obu Manuvu of sanctifying ob\u00adjects\u2014including animals and lands\u2014that are considered valuable and sacred to their communities. The concept fig\u00adures heavily in the philosophies of the Obu Manuvu at Mt. Apo. Animals and lands that are named as <em>Pusaka <\/em>must not be harmed or violated.<\/p>\n<p>With that concept in mind, the foun\u00addation began helping the Obu Manuvu articulate and write down what was im\u00adportant to their communities. The lead\u00aders created community development and conservation plans that includ\u00aded a list of <em>Pusaka<\/em>\u2014including hunting grounds, water systems, animals such as the Philippine Eagle, and even the entire peak of Mt. Apo\u2014and the consequences should any community members violate these sacred entities. Other tribes within Mt. Apo created their own plans based on similar but distinct philosophies. For people inside and outside of the tribes, it became clear that a conservation eth\u00adic was part of these indigenous cultures.<\/p>\n<p>The plans also identified able-bodied young men within the communities to become forest guards, to enforce both traditional and modern wildlife laws. The average government forest rang\u00ader in the Philippines is charged with protect\u00ading around 7,000 hectares (more than 26 square miles) of forest. Now, more than 200 forest guards patrol against wildlife poaching, illegal traps, and illegal slash-and-burn farm\u00ading over a large portion of Mt. Apo\u2014better than one guard per square mile.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/woman-with-her-Philippine-Trogon-plush-toy.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/woman-with-her-Philippine-Trogon-plush-toy.jpg 659w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/woman-with-her-Philippine-Trogon-plush-toy-480x592.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"An Arakan Manobo woman shows off a plush Philippine Trogon key chain she made. She earns a salary from her work while helping raise funds for Philippine Eagle conservation. Photo courtesy of the Philippine Eagle Foundation.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><figcaption>An Arakan Manobo woman shows off a plush Philippine Trogon key chain she made. She earns a salary from her work while helping raise funds for Great Philippine Eagle conservation. <em>Photo courtesy of the Philippine Eagle Foundation.<\/em><\/figcaption>\n              <\/figure><\/div>\n<p>A key to the success of the founda\u00adtion\u2019s community-based conservation is \u201caddressing the cultural and econom\u00adic needs of indigenous communities,\u201d according to Philippine Eagle Foundation Executive Director Dennis Salvador. \u201cTribal elders are con\u00adcerned about the pull of modernity on the younger generation, the perception that the \u2018good life\u2019 is in the city,\u201d says Salvador. \u201cA lack of economic oppor\u00adtunities and a lack of access to formal education remain major challenges for the people in these villages.\u201d The for\u00adest guards receive a monthly stipend of around $40 U.S., along with insurance, gear, and clothing. Salvador says this may not sound like a lot, but it makes a real difference to the poor families who live in the uplands.<\/p>\n<p>And the foundation is offering more than just forest guard jobs. The Arakan Manobo community agreed to actively monitor and guard a nearby Philippine Eagle nest in exchange for economic assistance in building a school. (Prior to the new school, the children in the village had to walk a four-hour round-trip to the nearest classroom.) In other villages, women were trained and now earn income by sewing plush Great Philip\u00adpine Eagle and Philippine Trogon toys and key chains that are sold at the Phil\u00adippine Eagle Foundation visitor center. The foundation has also helped tribal villages obtain better health care, new water systems, and electricity\u2014all part of the plan to address human needs in Great Philippine Eagle conservation efforts.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-list list-style alignright\"><h2 class=\"article-list-header\">More on the Philippine Eagle<\/h2><ul><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-article\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/FI-PEagle.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/FI-PEagle.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/FI-PEagle-240x135.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/FI-PEagle-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Great Philippine Eagle, Photo by John S. McKean\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">In the Aerie of the Philippine Eagle<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"article-item\"><div class=\"article-item-container\"><div class=\"article-item-media  content-article\"><figure class=\"article-item-media-ratio\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/eagle1_spring2012.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/eagle1_spring2012.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/eagle1_spring2012-480x311.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"\" alt=\"Philippine Eagle\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"article-item-body\"><span class=\"article-item-header\">Last Chance for the World&#8217;s Rarest Eagle: Philippine Eagle<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<p>The eagles benefit from a forest that is largely free of some of the threats they faced just a few years ago. Since the for\u00adest guards have been on duty, Ibanez says they have found fewer illegal traps, fewer illegally burned forests, and there have been no reports of eagles shot or killed. The foundation has also been able to actively monitor seven eagle nest sites at Mt. Apo.<\/p>\n<p>Salvador says the project serves as proof that community-based conser\u00advation works: \u201cIt shows that you can combine scientific knowledge and in\u00addigenous knowledge in conserving the eagles.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From the Summer 2019 issue of Living Bird magazine. Subscribe now. With a 7-foot wingspan, the Philippine Eagle is one of the world\u2019s largest rap\u00adtors, and one of the most<a class=\"excerpt-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutbirds.org\/news\/indigenous-forest-guards-achieve-breakthroughs-in-protecting-the-great-philippine-eagle\/\" title=\"ReadIndigenous Forest Guards Achieve Breakthroughs in Protecting the Great Philippine Eagle\">&#8230; Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":39945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_birdpress_living_bird_toc":0,"_birdpress_living_bird_toc_title":"","_birdpress_featured_image":false,"_birdpress_hero_toggle":false,"_birdpress_hero_type":"image","_birdpress_hero_image_type":"image","_birdpress_hero_style":"default","_birdpress_hero_ratio":"","_birdpress_hero_h1":"","_birdpress_hero_media_id":0,"_birdpress_hero_media_array_id":[],"_birdpress_hero_media_array":[],"_birdpress_hero_media":0,"_birdpress_hero_video_id":0,"_birdpress_hero_video":0,"_birdpress_hero_youtube":"","_birdpress_hero_content":true,"_birdpress_hero_byline":"","_birdpress_hero_byline_bottom":"","_birdpress_hero_button_link":"","_birdpress_hero_button_text":"","_birdpress_hero_button_color":"","_birdpress_hero_date":false,"original_guid":"","_birdpress_hide_search":false,"_birdpress_page_width":"","_birdpress_global_cta":false,"_birdpress_widget_sidebar":"","_birdpress_next_article":0,"_birdpress_next_article_title":"","_birdpress_prev_article":0,"_birdpress_prev_article_title":"","_birdpress_sub_navigation_id":0,"_birdpress_sub_navigation":"","_birdpress_sub_navigation_title":false,"_birdpress_anchor_navigation_id":0,"_birdpress_anchor_navigation":"","_birdpress_postType":"both","_birdpress_categoryID":0,"_birdpress_tagID":0,"_birdpress_parentPostID":0,"_birdpress_parentPostTitle":"","_birdpress_menuID":0,"_birdpress_menuName":"","_birdpress_listHeader":"","_birdpress_listLayout":"card-display","_birdpress_listColumns":"","_birdpress_maxItems":12,"_birdpress_listPaginate":true,"_birdpress_displaySort":true,"_birdpress_sortOrder":"DESC","_birdpress_sortBy":"date","_birdpress_listID":"","_birdpress_listClass":"","_birdpress_displayImages":true,"_birdpress_displayCaptions":false,"_birdpress_displayExcerpts":false,"_birdpress_attTop":"","_birdpress_attBottom":"","_birdpress_showLogos":false,"_birdpress_post_logo":0,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","wds_primary_category":0,"wds_primary_topic":0,"wds_primary_content-format":0,"wds_primary_cornell-lab-project":0,"wds_primary_host-project":0,"wds_primary_read-more-tag":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topic":[998,1043],"content-format":[1055],"cornell-lab-project":[1069],"host-project":[],"read-more-tag":[],"class_list":["post-39942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","topic-news-and-features","topic-science-conservation-news-and-features","content-format-article","cornell-lab-project-living-bird-magazine"],"metadata":{"associated-posts":[""],"wpa_off":[""],"_edit_lock":["1561409321:4"],"_edit_last":["4"],"_thumbnail_id":["39945"],"wdsi_message_id":[""],"wdsi_do_not_show":[""],"custom-byline":["<h5>By 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